{"id":2000,"date":"2024-10-03T12:59:58","date_gmt":"2024-10-03T03:59:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hyunsu.com\/wordpress\/?p=2000"},"modified":"2024-10-03T12:59:58","modified_gmt":"2024-10-03T03:59:58","slug":"graphql%ec%9d%98-%ea%b3%a0%ea%b8%89-%ea%b8%b0%eb%8a%a5%eb%93%a4%ec%84%9c%eb%b8%8c%ec%8a%a4%ed%81%ac%eb%a6%bd%ec%85%98-%eb%8d%b0%ec%9d%b4%ed%84%b0-%ec%b5%9c%ec%a0%81%ed%99%94-%ec%9d%b8%ec%a6%9d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hyunsu.com\/wordpress\/?p=2000","title":{"rendered":"GraphQL\uc758 \uace0\uae09 \uae30\ub2a5\ub4e4(\uc11c\ube0c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\uc158, \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654, \uc778\uc99d \ub4f1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \uc11c\ube0c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\uc158(Subscription)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uc11c\ube0c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\uc158<\/strong>\uc740 <strong>\uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8<\/strong>\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 GraphQL\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\ub85c <strong>\uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \ucc44\ud305<\/strong>, <strong>\uc8fc\uc2dd \uac00\uaca9 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8<\/strong>, <strong>\uc54c\ub9bc \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c<\/strong> \ub4f1 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ubcc0\ub3d9\ub418\ub294 \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\uae30\ubcf8 \uac1c\ub150<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc11c\ube0c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\uc158\uc740 \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uac00 \uc11c\ubc84\uc640 <strong>\uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \uc5f0\uacb0<\/strong>\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ubcc0\uacbd\ub420 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ub97c \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. GraphQL\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ub97c WebSocket\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud504\ub85c\ud1a0\ucf5c\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uad6c\ud604\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\uc608\uc2dc<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uac00 \ucd94\uac00\ub420 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uac00 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ub97c \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc11c\ube0c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\uc158\uc744 \uc815\uc758\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uc2a4\ud0a4\ub9c8 \uc608\uc2dc<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>type Subscription {<br>  messageAdded: Message<br>}<br><br>type Message {<br>  id: ID!<br>  content: String!<br>  author: String!<br>}<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uc11c\ube0c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\uc158 \ub9ac\uc878\ubc84<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>const { PubSub } = require('graphql-subscriptions');<br>const pubsub = new PubSub();<br><br>const resolvers = {<br>  Subscription: {<br>    messageAdded: {<br>      subscribe: () => pubsub.asyncIterator(['MESSAGE_ADDED'])<br>    }<br>  },<br>  Mutation: {<br>    addMessage: (parent, { content, author }) => {<br>      const message = { id: Date.now(), content, author };<br>      pubsub.publish('MESSAGE_ADDED', { messageAdded: message });<br>      return message;<br>    }<br>  }<br>};<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774 \uc608\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>PubSub<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc0c8 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uac00 \ucd94\uac00\ub420 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uad6c\ub3c5 \uc911\uc778 \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\ub97c \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uc1a1\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8 \uce21\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Apollo Client\uc758 <code>subscribe<\/code> \uba54\uc11c\ub4dc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ube0c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\uc158 \uc0ac\uc6a9<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>import { gql, useSubscription } from '@apollo\/client';<br><br>const MESSAGE_ADDED = gql`<br>  subscription {<br>    messageAdded {<br>      id<br>      content<br>      author<br>    }<br>  }<br>`;<br><br>function Messages() {<br>  const { data, loading } = useSubscription(MESSAGE_ADDED);<br><br>  if (loading) return &lt;p>Loading...&lt;\/p>;<br>  return &lt;p>New message: {data.messageAdded.content}&lt;\/p>;<br>}<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654 (Batching, Caching, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 DataLoader)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc804\uc1a1\uc744 \ud6a8\uc728\ud654\ud558\uace0 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac00\uc9c0 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. REST API\uc640 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c, GraphQL\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 <strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654<\/strong>\ub294 \uc131\ub2a5\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce69\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1) Batching\uacfc DataLoader<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \ud6a8\uc728\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac00\uc838\uc624\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\ub85c <strong>DataLoader<\/strong>\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. DataLoader\ub294 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac1c\uc758 GraphQL \ucffc\ub9ac\ub97c <strong>\ubc30\uce58(batch)<\/strong> \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec <strong>N+1 \ubb38\uc81c<\/strong>\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc720\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N+1 \ubb38\uc81c<\/strong>\ub780, \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud560 \ub54c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ucffc\ub9ac\uac00 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc88 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc131\ub2a5 \uc774\uc288\ub97c \ub9d0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\ub97c \ub4e4\uc5b4, 10\uba85\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub97c \uac00\uc838\uc62c \ub54c, 10\ubc88\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ucffc\ub9ac\uac00 \uc2e4\ud589\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294\ub370, DataLoader\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba74 \uc774\ub97c \ud558\ub098\uc758 \ucffc\ub9ac\ub85c \ubb36\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DataLoader \uc608\uc2dc<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>const DataLoader = require('dataloader');<br><br>const userLoader = new DataLoader(async (keys) => {<br>  const users = await UserModel.find({ _id: { $in: keys } });<br>  return keys.map(key => users.find(user => user.id === key));<br>});<br><br>const resolvers = {<br>  Query: {<br>    user: (parent, { id }, context) => {<br>      return context.userLoader.load(id); \/\/ DataLoader \uc0ac\uc6a9<br>    }<br>  }<br>};<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud6a8\uacfc<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc5ec\ub7ec \ubc88\uc758 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ucffc\ub9ac\ub97c \ud558\ub098\ub85c \ubb36\uc5b4 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud574 \uc131\ub2a5\uc744 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc694\uccad\ub2f9 \ucffc\ub9ac\uc758 \uc218\ub97c \uc904\uc5ec \uc11c\ubc84\uc758 \ubd80\ud558 \uac10\uc18c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2) \uce90\uc2f1(Caching)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc694\uccad \uc2dc \ubd88\ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc911\ubcf5 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ud53c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 <strong>\uce90\uc2f1<\/strong> \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8 \uce21\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Apollo Client\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub77c\uc774\ube0c\ub7ec\ub9ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uce90\uc2f1 \uae30\ub2a5\uc744 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc6d0\ud558\uba70, \uc11c\ubc84 \uce21\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Redis \uac19\uc740 \uce90\uc2dc \uc11c\ubc84\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Apollo Client \uce90\uc2f1<\/strong>: Apollo Client\ub294 \ucffc\ub9ac \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uce90\uc2f1\ud558\uace0, \uac19\uc740 \ucffc\ub9ac\uac00 \ubc18\ubcf5\ub418\uba74 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uce90\uc2dc\ub41c \ub370\uc774\ud130\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache } from '@apollo\/client';<br><br>const client = new ApolloClient({<br>  uri: 'http:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql',<br>  cache: new InMemoryCache()<br>});<br><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc774\ucc98\ub7fc Apollo Client\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uce90\uc2dc\uac00 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc694\uccad\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uce90\uc2dc\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0, \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc11c\ubc84\ub85c \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0c5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \uc778\uc99d(Authentication) \ubc0f \uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac(Authorization)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>GraphQL\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uac00 \uc694\uccad\ud558\ub294 \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ubbfc\uac10\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0, <strong>\uc778\uc99d<\/strong>\uacfc <strong>\uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac<\/strong>\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ubcf4\ud1b5 **JWT (JSON Web Token)**\uc774\ub098 <strong>\uc138\uc158 \uae30\ubc18 \uc778\uc99d<\/strong>\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1) JWT\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc778\uc99d<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uac00 \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0bc \ub54c, <strong>JWT \ud1a0\ud070<\/strong>\uc744 HTTP \ud5e4\ub354\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\uc99d\uc744 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>JWT \ud1a0\ud070\uc744 \ud5e4\ub354\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\"><code>import { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache, createHttpLink } from '@apollo\/client';<br>import { setContext } from '@apollo\/client\/link\/context';<br><br>const httpLink = createHttpLink({<br>  uri: 'http:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql'<br>});<br><br>const authLink = setContext((_, { headers }) => {<br>  const token = localStorage.getItem('authToken');<br>  return {<br>    headers: {<br>      ...headers,<br>      authorization: token ? `Bearer ${token}` : '',<br>    }<br>  };<br>});<br><br>const client = new ApolloClient({<br>  link: authLink.concat(httpLink),<br>  cache: new InMemoryCache()<br>});<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc704\uc758 \uc608\uc2dc\uc5d0\uc11c <strong>Apollo Client<\/strong>\ub294 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uae30 \uc804, JWT \ud1a0\ud070\uc744 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c HTTP \ud5e4\ub354\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc11c\ubc84 \uce21\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc774 \ud1a0\ud070\uc744 \uac80\uc99d\ud55c \ud6c4 \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uc758 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2) \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0\uc11c \uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc11c\ubc84 \uce21\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc778\uc99d\ub41c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub9cc \ud2b9\uc815 \ucffc\ub9ac\ub098 \ubba4\ud14c\uc774\uc158\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ub9ac\uc878\ubc84\uc5d0\uc11c \uc778\uc99d\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac \uc608\uc2dc<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">javascript\ucf54\ub4dc \ubcf5\uc0ac<code>const resolvers = {\n  Query: {\n    secretData: (parent, args, context) =&gt; {\n      if (!context.user) {\n        throw new Error('Not authenticated');\n      }\n      return \"This is secret data!\";\n    }\n  }\n};\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong> \uac1d\uccb4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \uc694\uccad\uc744 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc778\uc99d\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc778\uc99d\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \ud574\ub2f9 \ucffc\ub9ac\ub098 \ubba4\ud14c\uc774\uc158\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\uacb0\ub860<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\uc11c\ube0c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\uc158<\/strong>: \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub418\uba70, WebSocket\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc11c\ubc84\uc640 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\ub370\uc774\ud130 \ucd5c\uc801\ud654<\/strong>: DataLoader\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \ub370\uc774\ud130\ubca0\uc774\uc2a4 \ucffc\ub9ac \ud6a8\uc728\uc744 \ub192\uc774\uace0, Apollo Client \uac19\uc740 \ub3c4\uad6c\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uce90\uc2f1\uc744 \uad6c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\uc778\uc99d \ubc0f \uad8c\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac<\/strong>: JWT \ud1a0\ud070\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574 \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\ub97c \uc778\uc99d\ud558\uace0, \uad8c\ud55c\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub9cc \ub370\uc774\ud130\uc5d0 \uc811\uadfc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \uc11c\ube0c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\uc158(Subscription) \uc11c\ube0c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\uc158\uc740 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \ub370\uc774\ud130 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 GraphQL\uc758 \uae30\ub2a5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc8fc\ub85c \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \ucc44\ud305, \uc8fc\uc2dd \uac00\uaca9 \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8, \uc54c\ub9bc \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c \ub4f1 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ubcc0\ub3d9\ub418\ub294 \uc560\ud50c\ub9ac\ucf00\uc774\uc158\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uae30\ubcf8 \uac1c\ub150 \uc11c\ube0c\uc2a4\ud06c\ub9bd\uc158\uc740 \ud074\ub77c\uc774\uc5b8\ud2b8\uac00 \uc11c\ubc84\uc640 \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \uc5f0\uacb0\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba74\uc11c, \ub370\uc774\ud130\uac00 \ubcc0\uacbd\ub420 \ub54c\ub9c8\ub2e4 \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c5\ub370\uc774\ud2b8\ub97c \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\ub294 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 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